COVID-19 and the Brain: Understanding the Lingering Psychological and Cognitive Impact

COVID-19 reshaped the global health landscape—but its neurological and psychological consequences are still being understood. Even for those who recovered physically, the aftermath often includes anxiety, depression, and cognitive issues such as brain fog, memory lapses, and reduced attention span.

Long COVID and Neuropsychology

The National Institutes of Health has identified "Long COVID" as a condition that includes ongoing neurological symptoms such as:

• Brain fog

• Fatigue

• Word-finding difficulty

• Sensory disturbances

These may stem from neuroinflammation, microvascular damage, or persistent immune responses.

Mental Health Fallout

Isolation, grief, job loss, and collective uncertainty fueled a surge in:

• Generalized anxiety disorder

• Depression and suicidal ideation

• Trauma responses (e.g., from ICU stays or sudden loss)

Children and Adolescents

Developmental delays, increased screen time, and reduced socialization have impacted children’s attention, emotional regulation, and learning capacities.

Cognitive Rehabilitation Approaches

• Mental stamina training and pacing strategies

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and mood symptoms

• Mindfulness and fatigue management

Resources:

• CDC on Long COVID

• NIH RECOVER Initiative

• APA COVID-19 Resources